Structural
Concrete pad footing is the most common shallow foundation you will meet in any building construction. Pad footings are also known as isolated foundations, meaning they serve as separate column…
Cracks are common to most of the concrete structures. Concrete cracks easily due to its low tensile strength. When a crack appears in concrete, our first assumption is that something…
Rebar lap length is one of the critical parameters to be aware of when reinforcement designing, detailing, and construction. It's important to provide enough lapping length and position it correctly…
Seepage is one of the common problems in building basements. Structures like retaining walls, ceilings, water tanks, earth dams & dam foundations where water contact is available often show traces…
A concrete joint is a common feature you will meet in most constructions. There can be many reasons to impose a joint in the concrete. Practical limitations, expansion, and shrinkage,…
A well-known problem with the old structure is that it becomes less serviceable over time. A recent example is the collapse of the Genoa bridge in Italy. Deterioration and neglecting…
