Why we need to avoid over reinforcing in structural designs
It's obvious that we do not need to over reinforce the structural element than the required strength. It is straight a waste of steel. However, another important reason is hidden…
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It's obvious that we do not need to over reinforce the structural element than the required strength. It is straight a waste of steel. However, another important reason is hidden…
Peak hydration temperature in the concrete is one the most crucial parameter for concrete cracking during hardening time. Cracking is common to every concrete. When the hydration heat is excessive,…
Thermal cracks are one of the hazardous cracks that can appear in mass or large concrete pours. These cracks can appear at 1 day to a few weeks making early…
Cracks are common to most of the concrete structures. Concrete cracks easily due to its low tensile strength. When a crack appears in concrete, our first assumption is that something…
Rebar lap length is one of the critical parameters to be aware of when reinforcement designing, detailing, and construction. It's important to provide enough lapping length and position it correctly…
Green cutting is a popular method of roughening the concrete surface using a high-velocity water jet. It is possible to remove the top layer of cement paste using pressurized water…
Self-desiccation, or chemical drying, is a common occurrence in all concretes. It’s a fact that the hydration reaction between cement and internal water, continue throughout time. The water in capillaries…
Seepage is one of the common problems in building basements. Structures like retaining walls, ceilings, water tanks, earth dams & dam foundations where water contact is available often show traces…
A concrete joint is a common feature you will meet in most constructions. There can be many reasons to impose a joint in the concrete. Practical limitations, expansion, and shrinkage,…
Shotcrete is a well-known construction technique that stabilized more than 100 years ago. Same as concrete, testing shotcrete is crucial for quality construction. Shotcrete construction for slope stabilization Shotcrete requires…